Effects of chronic low-level N additions on foliar elemental concentrations, morphology, and gas exchange of mature montane red spruce
نویسندگان
چکیده
We evaluated the influence of protracted low-level nitrogen (N) fertilization on 29 morphological, physiological, or chemical parameters measured on mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing within 10 study plots on Mount Ascutney, Vermont. For 8 consecutive years prior to this study, each plot received one of five treatments: 0, 15.7, 19.8,25.6, or 3 1.4 kg N.ha-‘.year@. In comparison to plant material from control plots, trees that received N fertilization had fewer but longer and heavier needles, and higher rates of shoot water loss than trees from control plots. N fertilization resulted in increased foliar N concentrations, and reductions in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations to potentially deficient levels. Although no differences in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, or net photosynthesis were evident, N fertilization was associated with increased levels of respiration. Respiration rates were not correlated with foliar N concentrations, suggesting that the influence of N treatment on respiration was indirect. In contrast, respiration levels were negatively correlated with foliar Ca and Mg concentrations. Although we have no direct evidence that they are related, the N-induced alterations in foliar cation and respiration levels that we found may help account for N-induced reductions in tree growth and increases in mortality previously reported for this site. R&urn6 : Les auteurs ont Cvalut l’influence d’une fertilisation prolongee avec de faibles niveaux d’azote (N) sur 29 parametres morphologiques, physiologiques et chimiques mesures sur des Cpinenes rouges (Picea rubens Sarg.) matures croissant dans 10 parcelles-Cchantillons sur le mont Ascutney dans le Vermont. Pendant 8 anntes consecutives anterieures a cette etude, chaque parcelle a recu un des cinq traitements suivants : 0, 15,7, 19,8, 2.5,6 ou 3 1,4 kg N.ha-‘,an-r. Comparativement au materiel vegetal provenant des parcelles temoins, les arbres qui avaient recu une fertilisation azotee avaient des aiguilles moins nombreuses mais plus longues et plus lourdes ainsi qu’un taux de perte hydrique plus Cleve pour les pousses. La fertilisation azotee a provoque une augmentation de la concentration foliaire de N et une diminution de la concentration foliaire de Ca et Mg h des niveaux de deficience potentielle. Quoiqu’il n’y avait pas de difference Cvidente dans le contenu en chlorophylle, dans la fluorescence chlorophyllienne ou la photosynthese nette, la fertilisation azotee Ctait asociee a une augmentation du niveau de respiration. Le taux de respiration n’etait pas corn% a la concentration d’azote foliaire: ce qui suggere une influence indirecte de la fertilisation azotee sur la respiration. Au contraire, le niveau de respiration Ctait negativement corn% a la concentration foliaire de Ca et Mg. Quoique nous n’ayons aucune preuve directe qu’ils soient relies, les alterations caustes par l’azote, que nous avons observees dans les cations foliaires, et les niveaux de respiration pourraient aider a expliquer les reductions de croissance des arbres causees par l’azote et l’augmentation de la mortalite deja rapportee dans ce site. [Traduit par la Redaction]
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